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Tombo Adak Orang Manggarai

Photo of Kanisius Deki Kanisius Deki Send an email 16 Juni 2021
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Kanisiusdeki.com – Apa yang disebut “Tombo Adak” adalah pembicaraan-pembicaraan yang berkaitan dengan adat-istiadat yang kemudian dieksplisitasikan dalam kehidupan konkrit yang berlaku di Manggarai. Tombo Adak pada satu sisi merupakan bagian yang tak terpisahkan dari adat istiadat, dan pada sisi yang lain Tombo Adak disampaikan dalam bentuk sastra lisan. Uraian pada bagian ini mengedepankan berbagai bentuk Tombo Adak yang menjadi umum di Manggarai. Menurut hasil wawancara dengan beberapa nara sumber, Tombo Adak orang Manggarai memiliki bentuk tertentu yang pada gilirannya bermuara pada relasi persaudaraan.

Bentuk Tombo Adak Orang Manggarai dalam temuan Petrus Ndarut dapat dibagi dalam empat jenis yakni: Pertama, Tombo adak Ase-Kae, Weta-Nara. Kedua, Tombo adak Woe Nelu. Ketiga, Tombo adak Anak Rona-Anak Wina dan keempat, Tombo Adak Pa’ang Olon-Ngaungn Musin[1]. Dalam kebersamaan dengan para Tua Adat, menggali dan mereflesikan bersama kearifan dan filosofi lokal, saya menemukan beberapa Tombo adak yang selama ini tak disebut secara resmi, namun telah dijalankan dalam keseharian hidup orang Manggarai yakni Tombo Adak Méka, Tombo Adak Ase-Ka’e Weki dan Tombo Adak Torok latang te Mori agu Ngaran. Uraian lebih jelas tentang hal ini sebagai berikut.

Baca Juga : Fokus Manggarai: Wisata Budaya dan Religi
Baca Juga : Dewan Kebudayaan Manggarai, Secercah Harapan Peradaban

Tombo Adak Ase-Ka’e dan Weta-Nara

Dari asalnya, melalui telusuran yang dibuat oleh tombo nunduk, menjadi jelas bagi kita bahwa semua yang berasal dari satu keturunan [êma tu’a, wa’u] merupakan adik-kakak dan saudara-saudari. Demikianpun dalam keluarga [kilo] sebagai unit sosial terkecil yang memiliki orang tua dan anak-anak. Kakak memiliki hak kesulungan yang membawa serta tugas membantu orang tua memperhatikan adik-adik dan bertanggungjawab atas kehidupan mereka. Demikianpun sebagai adik, mereka memiliki kewajiban untuk menaruh respek terhadap kakak dalam membantu orang tua.

Dalam peran sebagai saudara dan saudari terdapat kewajiban melekat, yang juga menyertai hak masing-masing. Dalam sistem kekerabatan patrilineal, saudara merupakan “ata oné” [orang dalam] yakni pihak yang melanjutkan keturunan atau klan. Dari saudara inilah nama keturunan ditelusuri. Sedangkan saudari adalah “ata pe’ang” [orang luar] yaitu pihak yang akan menyatu dengan klan suaminya. Meskipun terdapat perbedaan hak dan kewajiban yang ditimbulkan oleh status sebagai ata one atau ata pe’ang, namun semua diminta untuk menjalin persatuan dalam semangat persaudaraan. Ada pernyataan yang kerap diungkapkan seperti :

“Neka koas neho kota, neka behas neho kena,

neka bike neho céwak, neka behas neho lide.

Ai hitu ngasang ase-ka’e:

natas neki ca, beo lonto télo”.[2]

[Janganlah persaudaraan itu dirusakkan

seperti susunan batu yang diporak-porandakan,

seperti bakul yang pecah, atau wadah yang rusak

karena pada prinsipnya hidup sebagai saudara

mesti selalu bersatu,

seperti lapangan yang cuma satu untuk semua,

seperti kampung yang didiami bersama].

Inilah ungkapan go’et yang kerap diperdengarkan dalam kehidupan bersama tatkala orang Manggarai berusaha mempertahankan hidup persaudaraannya.

Baca Juga : Membangun Gerakkan Bersama
Baca Juga : Drs. Yohanes Damianus Jehuni : Pemimpin dengan Karakter Kuat

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